解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Escherichia coli FtsK is a septum-located DNA translocase that co-ordinates the late stages of cytokinesis and chromosome segregation. Relatives of FtsK are present in most bacteria; in Bacillus subtilis, the FtsK orthologue, SpoIIIE, transfers the majority of a chromosome into the forespore during sporulation. DNA tr...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0380395
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding how cognitive processes including learning, memory, decision making and ideation are encoded by the genome is a key question in biology. Identification of sets of genes underlying human mental disorders is a path towards this objective. Schizophrenia is a common disease with cognitive symptoms, high heri...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0380445
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations in the X-linked MECP2 gene are the primary cause of the severe autism spectrum disorder RTT (Rett syndrome). Deletion of Mecp2 in mice recapitulates many of the overt neurological features seen in humans, and the delayed onset of symptoms is accompanied by deficits in neuronal morphology and synaptic physiol...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0380498
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::HD (Huntington's disease) is caused by a polyQ (polyglutamine) expansion in the huntingtin protein, which leads to protein misfolding and aggregation of this protein. Abnormal copper accumulation in the HD brain was first reported more than 15 years ago. Recent findings show that copper-regulatory genes are induced du...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0380552
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::During early flower development in Arabidopsis, floral stem cells proliferate and produce a sufficient amount of cells that are recruited for organogenesis. However, after the central organ primordia initiate, stem cell activity in the floral meristem is terminated to ensure the differentiation of a fixed number of fl...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0380613
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::AS (alternative splicing) is a post-transcriptional process which regulates gene expression through increasing protein complexity and modulating mRNA transcript levels. Regulation of AS depends on interactions between trans-acting protein factors and cis-acting signals in the pre-mRNA (precursor mRNA) transcripts, ter...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0380667
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Rho/Rop small GTPase regulatory module is central for initiating exocytotically ACDs (active cortical domains) in plant cell cortex, and a growing array of Rop regulators and effectors are being discovered in plants. Structural membrane phospholipids are important constituents of cells as well as signals, and phos...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0380723
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 26S proteasome is a non-lysosomal protease in the cytosol and nucleus of eukaryotic cells. Its main function is to mediate ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. The 26S proteasome is a multimeric complex composed by the 20S proteasome CP (core particle) and the 19S RPs (regulatory particles). Although the atomic struct...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0380029
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyclin A must be degraded at prometaphase in order to allow mitosis progression. Nevertheless, the signals that trigger cyclin A degradation at mitosis have been largely elusive. In the present paper, we review the status of cyclin A degradation in the light of recent evidence indicating that acetylation plays a role ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0380083
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abnormal protein aggregation and intracellular or extracellular accumulation of misfolded and aggregated proteins are key events in the pathogenesis of different neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, endoplasmic reticulum stress and impairment of the ubiquitin-proteasome system probably contribute to neurodegenerat...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0380150
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells requires the kinesin-1/Kif5B-mediated transport of insulin granules along microtubules. 5'-AMPK (5'-AMP-activated protein kinase) is a heterotrimeric serine/threonine kinase which is activated in beta-cells at low glucose concentrations, but inhibited as ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0380205
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A-type laminopathies are a group of diseases resulting from mutations in the intermediate filament proteins lamin A and C (both encoded by the LMNA gene), but for which the pathogenic mechanisms are little understood. In some laminopathies, there is a good correlation between the presence of a specific LMNA mutation a...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0380257
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent progress in understanding the plant NE (nuclear envelope) has resulted from significant advances in identifying and characterizing the protein constituents of the membranes and nuclear pores. Here, we review recent findings on the membrane integral and membrane-associated proteins of the key domains of the NE, ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0380307
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The action of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) is essential to maintain proper endothelial and vascular function. VEGF stimulates virtually all aspects of endothelial function, namely proliferation, migration, permeability and nitric oxide production and release. In addition, the action of VEGF makes the endo...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0371167
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The inability of the human heart to effectively repair itself after acute ischaemic injury has driven the search for efficacious means of promoting cardiac regenerative growth. Central to this has been the emergence of cell-based strategies to stimulate and augment both myocardial regeneration and neovascularization. ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0371218
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::HD (Huntington's disease) is a late onset heritable neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by neuronal dysfunction and death, particularly in the cerebral cortex and medium spiny neurons of the striatum. This is followed by progressive chorea, dementia and emotional dysfunction, eventually resulting in death...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0371270
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Complex brains have developed specialized mechanisms for the grouping of principal cells into temporal coalitions of local or distant networks: the inhibitory interneuron 'clocking' networks. They consist of GABAergic (where GABA is gamma-aminobutyric acid) interneurons of a rich diversity. In cortical circuits, these...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0371328
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The GABAR [GABA(A) (gamma-aminobutyric acid type A) receptor], which mediates most inhibition in the brain, is regulated homoeostatically to maintain an optimal level of neuronal excitability. In particular, the alpha(4)betadelta subtype of the GABAR plays a pivotal role in this regulation. This receptor, which is exp...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0371378
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::NMDARs (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors) are considered to be a target for the inhibitory actions of ethanol. While profound inhibition of both native and recombinant NMDARs can be observed following the application of high concentrations of ethanol the levels of inhibition seen with lower concentrations of ethanol are...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0371423
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein ubiquitination and protein phosphorylation are two fundamental regulatory post-translational modifications controlling intracellular signalling events. However, the ubiquitin system is vastly more complex compared with phosphorylation. This is due to the ability of ubiquitin to form polymers, i.e. ubiquitin ch...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0370937
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The XMAP215 (Xenopus microtubule-associated protein 215) and CLASP [CLIP-170 (cytoskeletal linker protein 170) associated protein] microtubule plus end tracking families play central roles in the regulation of interphase microtubule dynamics and the proper formation of mitotic spindle architecture and flux. XMAP215 me...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0371002
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Growing evidence supports the view that LDs (lipid droplets) are dynamic organelles that can serve both as an intracellular signalling compartment and as an organizing platform orchestrating many vital processes in eukaryotic cells. It has become clear that the LDs-confined deposition and lipolytic degradation of neut...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0371050
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The inositol-depletion hypothesis was suggested to explain the therapeutic mechanism of mood-stabilizing drugs. Focus was previously on the phosphatidylinositol signalling pathway and on the regulatory roles of Ins(3,4,5)P(3) and DAG (diacylglycerol). Recent findings indicate that inositol and inositol-containing mole...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0371099
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Complex biological machines arise from self-assembly on the basis of structural features programmed into sequence-specific macromolecules (i.e. polypeptides and polynucleotides) at the molecular level. As a consequence of the near-absolute control of macromolecular architecture that results from such sequence specific...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0370653
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quinone oxidoreductases are a class of membrane enzymes that catalyse the oxidation or reduction of membrane-bound quinols/quinones. The conversion of quinone/quinol by these enzymes is difficult to study because of the hydrophobic nature of the enzymes and their substrates. We describe some biochemical properties of ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0370707
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The evolution of proteins is inseparably linked to their function. Because most biological processes involve a number of different proteins, it may become impossible to study the evolutionary properties of proteins in isolation. In the present article, we show how simple mechanistic models of biological processes can ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0370762
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Smoking is the main risk factor for COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) but genetic factors are of importance, since only a subset of smokers develops the disease. Sex differences have been suggested both in disease prevalence and response to environmental exposures. Furthermore, it has been shown that acquis...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0370814
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::IL (interleukin)-4 and IL-13 are key cytokines in the pathogenesis of allergic inflammatory disease. IL-4 and IL-13 share many functional properties as a result of their utilization of a common receptor complex comprising IL-13Ralpha1 (IL-13 receptor alpha-chain 1) and IL-4Ralpha. The second IL-13R (IL-13 receptor) ha...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0370873
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Cdc (cell division cycle) 45 protein has a central role in the regulation of the initiation and elongation stages of eukaryotic chromosomal DNA replication. In addition, it is the main target for a Chk1 (checkpoint kinase 1)-dependent Cdc25/CDK2 (cyclin-dependent kinase 2)-independent DNA damage checkpoint signal ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0370926
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bloom's syndrome (BS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by genomic instability and cancer predisposition. The underlying genetic defect is mutation of the BLM gene, producing deficiency in the RecQ helicase BLM (Bloom's syndrome protein). The present article begins by introducing BLM and its binding...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0370553
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Much work has gone into understanding the physical basis of the enormous catalytic power of enzymes over the last 50 years or so. Nevertheless, the detailed mechanism used by Nature's catalysts to speed chemical transformations remains elusive. DHFR (dihydrofolate reductase) has served as a paradigm to study the relat...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0370349
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Photoreaction centres are Nature's solar batteries. These nanometre-scale power producers are responsible for transducing the energy of sunlight into a form that can be used by biological systems, thereby powering most of the biological activity on the planet. Although to the layman the word 'photosynthesis' is usuall...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0370400
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Large amounts of DNA are frequently required for use in detection assays and genomic analysis. The limited availability of DNA can be a critical obstacle to meeting research and clinical needs. DNA amplification methods are often required to generate sufficient material from small specimens or environmental samples wi...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0370450
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A survey of archaeal genomes for the presence of homologues of bacterial and eukaryotic chaperones reveals several interesting features. All archaea contain chaperonins, also known as Hsp60s (where Hsp is heat-shock protein). These are more similar to the type II chaperonins found in the eukaryotic cytosol than to the...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0370046
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although Sulfolobus species are among the best studied archaeal micro-organisms, the development and availability of genetic tools has lagged behind. In the present paper, we discuss the latest progress in understanding recombination events of exogenous DNA into the chromosomes of Sulfolobus solfataricus and Sulfolobu...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0370097
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitogenic tyrosine kinase receptors such as the EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) are endocytosed once they are activated at the cell surface. After reaching the early endosome, they are ubiquitinated within their cytosolic domain and are consequently sorted away from recycling receptors. They are then incorpora...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0370146
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) machinery consists of a number of cytosolic proteins that make up three functional subcomplexes: ESCRT-I, ESCRT-II and ESCRT-III. These proteins function in multivesicular body formation and cell division and are co-opted by enveloped retroviruses to facilit...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0370195
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Yeast cells rely on the SPS-sensing pathway to respond to extracellular amino acids. This nutrient-induced signal transduction pathway regulates gene expression by controlling the activity of two redundant transcription factors: Stp1 and Stp2. These factors are synthesized as latent cytoplasmic proteins with N-termina...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0370242
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signalling pathway functions as a nutrient sensor, both in individual cells and, more globally, in organs such as the fat body in Drosophila and the hypothalamus in the rat. The activity of placental amino acid transporters is decreased in IUGR (intrauterine growth restriction)...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0370295
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::SOEs (sulfite-oxidizing enzymes) are physiologically vital and occur in all forms of life. During the catalytic cycle, the five-co-ordinate square pyramidal oxo-molybdenum active site passes through the Mo(V) state, and intimate details of the structure can be obtained from variable frequency pulsed EPR spectroscopy t...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0361129
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00